第十六期“李政道讲座”将在夏季学期（雁栖湖校区）开讲。讲座邀请了来自中国科学院、清华大学、康奈尔大学、弗罗里达州立大学等高校的8位前沿科学领域的学者到校授课，时间分别为2023年6月13日、6月20日、6月27日、7月4日下午5、6、7、8节。
选课将于2023年6月6日12:30—6月16日12:30期间开放，详细信息见下文，欢迎同学们选课并前来聆听！

讲座一：Several Theoretical Predictions of Black Holes and Physics Revolution（黑洞的若干理论预言和物理革命）
讲座时间：2023年6月13日 13:30-15:10
内容简介：
       In reference to investigations over more than a century, we review several key aspects for the theoretical predictions and observational evidences of black holes with fascinating historical anecdotes. We advanced the physical scenario of sustained self-similar dynamic collapsing processes for forming the main bodies of hypermassive and supermassive black holes in gigantic mass reservoirs in the entire Universe including the early Universe in particular. We built theoretical models of magnetized stars in the massive to supermassive range to address, among others, the mass gap issue for binary black holes inferred by the gravitational wave observations of LIGO/Virgo collaborative experiments. We further explore static and dynamic polytropic lens models for gravitational lensing effects. Future observations with new diagnostics would reveal new aspects of black hole formation. Implications are discussed in the contexts of astrophysics,cosmology, basic physics and philosophy.
       基于超过百年的研究历史，我们从几个关键方面回顾有关黑洞的理论预言和观测事实以及引人入胜的趣闻和轶事。就宇宙特别是早期宇宙中如何形成绝超质量和超大质量黑洞的问题,我们提出了如下物理图像，即它们可在宇宙中巨大的物质库中通过持续的自相似动力塌缩过程来形成主体。我们构造的磁化大质量到超大质量恒星模型可解释所谓的黑洞质量禁区问题---LIGO/Virgo合作团队的引力波观测推测出双黑洞并合且有质量在上述禁区内者。我们也探索静态和动力态的多方透镜及其引力透镜效应。用新的侦测手段来更进一步观测可揭示黑洞形成机制。就天体物理、宇宙学、基本物理和思辨哲学，我们讨论上述研究结果所蕴含的深层意味。
主讲人介绍：

主讲人：楼宇庆教授

       1977年高考入北方交通大学，1980年通过中美物理联合考试申请（CUSPEA），1987年哈佛大学物理博士。现任清华大学物理系教授。教育部长江特聘学者。海智计划特聘专家。在天体物理、空间物理、太阳物理、行星磁层物理领域中提出多个理论模型。曾主持和参与了美国国家科学基金会、中国国家自然科学基金委和科技部、教育部高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金项目。参与推动贵州FAST的建设；参加中国深空探测计划。发表国际杂志文章150余篇和会议文集文章40余篇；在国内外做学术邀请报告260多次。

讲座二：从液晶显示到液晶生物膜理论
讲座时间：2023年6月13日 15:20-17:00
内容简介：
       液晶是一种既能像液体一样流动，又能像晶体一样对光的传播的偏振进行调节，因为它们通常由较长的有机分子构成，并在外部电磁场作用下，分子的长轴因介电效应会随外电磁变化改变指向。由于液晶兼有晶体改变光的能力与液体的流动性，它们可以用于制作超柔韧、对颜色敏感的棱镜和偏振片，这就是现在家喻户晓代替“大脑袋”CRT的液晶显示屏的物理原理。非常值得欣慰的是，经过京东方等头部液晶显示企业近三十年从0到1、从1到世界第一的奋斗，我国已完全克服“缺芯少屏”少屏困境，成为显示产业世界第一的伟大国家。
       液晶的数学理论融合了晶体复杂的对称性与流体丰富的动力学，法国物理学家皮埃尔-吉勒·德热纳（Pierre-Gilles de Gennes）据此成功分析了这些因素对液晶的奇异的光学特性的影响，于1991年，因其对液晶理论的贡献荣获诺贝尔物理学奖。
       更神奇的是，液晶还是生命的核心。有一种特殊的二维液晶，它卷曲形成闭合球面，组成了细胞表面以及细胞内不同功能单元之间的薄膜。发现生物膜液晶秘密正是发现液晶显示原理的德国科学家W·赫尔弗里希(W. Helfrich)，利用他的液晶生物膜理论，红血球的正常形态双凹盘状形状及各种病态形状都得到严格的数学解释，这些液晶膜能选择性地让各类不同物质通过，从而让细胞可以进食、消化、排泄与呼吸，它们还会生长、发芽和分裂，都可以用这个生物膜的液晶理论完美解释。
主讲人介绍：

主讲人：欧阳钟灿院士

       中国科学院理论物理所研究员，主要从事液晶、生物膜、生物大分子等交叉领域的理论研究，是我国软物质物理及物理生物学的引领者。提出的“Ou-Yang—Helfrich”方程为流体膜液晶理论的发展作出重要贡献。曾任中国科学院理论物理所所长、学术委员会主任等职。曾获华人物理学会亚洲杰出成就奖、中国科学院自然科学一等奖、国家自然科学二等奖、何梁何利科学与技术进步奖等。1997年当选中国科学院院士，2003年当选发展中国家科学院院士，2015年当选日本应用物理学会国际会士。

讲座三：Probing Extreme Physics with Compact Objects（致密星与极端物理）
讲座时间：2023年6月20日 13:30-15:10
内容简介：
       Compact objects (white dwarfs, neutron stars and black holes) are associated with some of the most exotic phenomena and environments in the universe. They have been observed in all electromagnetic wave bands, from radio to gamma rays, and have recently been detected in gravitational waves. Their strong gravities, high densities and magnetic fields provide a unique avenue for exploring physics under extreme conditions. In this talk, I will highlight recent progress and discuss future prospects in the astrophysics of compact objects.
       致密星（白矮星、中子星和黑洞）与宇宙中一些最奇异的现象和环境密切相关。它们已在所有电磁波段中被观测到，从无线电波到伽马射线，并最近被探测到了引力波。它们强大的引力，高密度和磁场提供了一种独特的途径，用于探索极端条件下的物理学。在这次演讲中，我将重点介绍近期的进展并讨论致密星天体物理学的未来前景。
主讲人介绍：

主讲人：赖东教授

       Dong Lai is Benson Jay and Mary Ellen Simon Professor of Astrophysics at Cornell University. He received his undergraduate degree from the University of Science and Technology of China.  He studied theoretical physics at Cornell University, receiving Ph.D. in 1994. He was the Richard C. Tolman Postdoctoral Fellow at Caltech, and joined the Cornell Astronomy faculty in 1997. He has received the Alfred P. Sloan Fellowship and the Simons Fellowship, and has held visiting professorship positions at IAS, Harvard and UC Berkeley etc. His current research is in theoretical astrophysics, focusing on compact objects (neutron stars, black holes and white dwarfs), gravitational waves, exoplanets and astrophysical dynamics in general. He is currently T.D. Lee (visiting) Professor at Tsung-Dao Lee Institute (TDLI) in Shanghai.

讲座四：Quantum Computation and Quantum Simulation with Trapped Ions
讲座时间：2023年6月20日 15:20-17:00
内容简介：
       This lecture discusses the principles and techniques of quantum computation and quantum simulation using trapped ions. Trapped ion systems are one of the leading candidates for practical quantum information processing. The different types of RF pole traps are introduced and then the basic procedures of quantum computation such as initialization, quantum gates, and detection are discussed. We will also present current technological challenges and challenges and discuss technological and theoretical advances to address them. Finally, mainly with respect to the perspective of noisy-intermediate scale quantum computing (NISQ), we will provide prospects for large-scale quantum computation using trapped ions in the near future.
主讲人介绍：

主讲人：KIM KIHWAN（金奇奂）教授

       Professor Kihwan Kim is a tenured professor in the Department of Physics, at Tsinghua University. He received his bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degrees from Seoul National University. He then did postdoctoral work at the University of Innsbruck and the University of Maryland. Since joining Tsinghua University in 2011, he has pursued the development of quantum computation and quantum information science using trapped ions. He also raised many talented students, and under his guidance, more than 10 students have already received doctoral degrees.

讲座五：How shall we measure the quantum Universe?
讲座时间：2023年6月27日 13:30-15:10
内容简介：
       How did our Universe begin? What fundamental laws of physics govern our Universe? These are fundamental questions humans have been seeking for a long time. To address these grand questions of science, we need to invent "new eyes" to observe our Universe. Such new eyes should also play critical roles in measuring fundamental properties of known quantum fields, which may lead to a discovery of a new quantum field. In December 2021, at High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) in Japan, a new research center named "the International Center for Quantum-field Measurement Systems for Studies of the Universe and Particles (QUP)" was established. In this presentation, we introduce QUP's key projects, including the LiteBIRD space mission led by JAXA to study our Universe before the Big Bang, for which QUP will provide superconducting detector arrays.
主讲人介绍：

主讲人：Masashi Hazumi（羽澄昌史）教授

       Director, International Center for Quantum-field Measurement Systems for Studies of the Universe and Particles(QUP), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization(KEK).
       Concurrently serving as Professor of institute of Particle and Nuclear Studies  (IPNS), and Specially-Appointed Professor of institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Eaploration Agency(JAXA), and Project Professor of Kaoli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe(Kavli IPMU, WPI),  UTIAS, The University of Tokyo, and Professor of The Graduate University for Advanced Studies(SOKENDAI).

讲座六：聒噪宇宙 
讲座时间：6月27日 15:20-17:00
内容简介：
       人的宇宙观由集体感知能力所塑造。静谧、恒远是近现代观测技术系统应用前，人群关于宇宙的浪漫假象。起源未知的快速射电暴在千分之一秒内可以释放足够驱动当前人类社会一万亿年的能量，是天文和天体物理的热点前沿。通过自主设计的中国天眼FAST巡天，我们发现了世界首例持续活跃的快速射电暴，初步建立了重复快速射电暴的演化图景，并确定了快速射电暴每天的爆发率在12万次以上。理性的聍听这些来自宇宙深处的爆发将继续揭示我们所处的聒噪的宇宙。
主讲人介绍：

主讲人：李菂研究员

       研究员，FAST首席科学家，基金委杰出青年。组织领导了FAST早期科学规划和相关研究，提出和主持实现了世界首创的多科学目标同时巡天模式，数倍提高FAST巡天效率, 领导FAST第一批科学发现。科学成果包括发现星际氧气；命名中性氢窄线自吸收方法，基于此精确测量星际磁场登上《Nature》封面；深度刻画快速射电暴，连续入选科技部组织评选的2021、2022年度“中国科学十大进展”。获得中国科学院“杰出科技成就奖”突出贡献者。

讲座七：大亚湾时代的中微子物理
讲座时间：2023年7月4日 13:30-15:10
内容简介：
       2010年11月，在中国高等科学技术中心召开了一次中微子物理研讨会，李政道先生为它起名为“大亚湾时代的中微子物理”研讨会，并亲自做开幕报告。一年后，大亚湾反应堆中微子实验开始运行，发现了中微子振荡新模式。中微子是组成物质世界的最基本的粒子之一，在最微观的粒子物理和最宏观的宇宙学中都扮演着重要角色。由于中微子极难被探测，至今仍然存在大量未解之迷，是发现新物理最重要的窗口之一。本讲座将介绍大亚湾实验的科学背景、物理研究、项目设计、建设、运行、退役的全过程，以及后续的江门中微子实验和台山中微子实验。
主讲人介绍：

主讲人：曹俊研究员

        中国科学院高能物理所研究员、副所长，新基石研究员。大亚湾反应堆中微子实验国际合作组共同发言人，江门中微子实验常务副经理和国际合作组副发言人，台山中微子实验发起人。主要从事中微子物理研究和中微子探测技术研究。2012年获国家杰出青年基金，作为主要成员获2016年度国家自然科学一等奖。

讲座八：Semiconductor/Molecular Nanostructures: Novel Physics and Applications
讲座时间：2023年7月4日 15:20-17:00
内容简介：
       Integration of organic molecules with inorganic semiconductors holds vast potential for fundamental physics studies and device applications. For instance, surface functionalization with organic molecules can  afford semiconductor devices unusual functionalities such as molecular recognition, which can be harnessed for biomolecular sensing and bottom-up assembly of semiconductor nanostructures. On the other hand, organic molecules can also be utilized as means of modulating and enhancing electronic characteristics of semiconductor devices, and even serve as active components for producing novel charge and spin transport effects. In this talk, I will present several examples of interdisciplinary research focusing on the fabrication and studies of various semiconductor/molecular hybrid nanostructures, with an eye towards both demonstrating new device functions and discovering new physics. 
主讲人介绍：

主讲人：熊鹏教授

       Peng Xiong received his B.Sc. in Physics from University of Science and Technology of China in 1987 and Ph.D.in Physics from Brown University in 1993, with a dissertation covering topics of high temperature superconductivity, magnetic granular solids, and mesoscale superconductivity. He was a postdoctoral fellow at the University of California at San Diego, performing research in superconductor-insulator transition and fluctuation effects in two- and one-dimensional systems. He joined the Physics faculty of Florida State University in 1997. His research at FSU broadly focuses on novel electronic and magnetoelectronic phenomena in quantum materials and nanostructured devices. Current research activities include quantum phases and phase transitions in ultrathin superconducting films and nanowires, exotic electronic states/excitations in nanoscale devices and heterostructures, molecular and semiconductor spintronics, semiconductor nano devices as biomolecular sensors. He received the Alfred P. Sloan Research Fellowship in 1998, and became a fellow of the American Physical Society in 2012.